美國為實施其亞太海上安全戰(zhàn)略正在強化其同亞太盟國及伙伴國的海上安全合作。第一,美國日本正式修訂《美日防衛(wèi)合作指針》后,決定把日本自衛(wèi)隊與美軍的合作擴大到整個亞太海洋地區(qū)甚至全球范圍。其次,2014年美國同菲律賓簽署“增強防務條約”,美國將使用菲律賓的海軍和空軍基地,菲國會于2016年初最后批準后,美國可以按計劃在菲律賓開辟若干個軍事基地,以應對南海海上安全突發(fā)性局勢。再次,美國加強安全伙伴建設。同新加坡、印尼、越南和馬來西亞等建立伙伴關系,提升了同越南的軍事關系,2016年全面解除輸越致命性武器,逐步成為美國實施海上安全戰(zhàn)略的軍體行動。
注釋
①Ryan D. Martinson, "Maritime Strategy With Chinese Characteristics?" March 25, 2016,源自外交家網(wǎng)站:http://thediplomat.com/2016/03/maritime-strategy-with-chinese-characteristics/.
②楊潔勉:《淺析奧巴馬政府的全球戰(zhàn)略調整》,《國際問題研究》,2011年第2期,第19頁。
③The President of United States, "National Security Strategy", February 2015, White House, Washington DC.
④Remarks by Security Advisor Susan Rice on the 2015 National Security Strategy, February 06, 2015, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/06/remarks-national-security-advisor-susan-rice-2015-national-security-stra.
⑤楊潔勉:《淺析奧巴馬政府的全球戰(zhàn)略調整》,《國際問題研究》,2011年第2期,第21頁。
⑥曼佛雷德·莫爾斯:《亞太地區(qū)的區(qū)域化》,《政治學雜志》,1996年第4期,轉引自[德]蘇爾茲等編:《亞洲海洋戰(zhàn)略》(中文本),北京:人民出版社,2014年,第103頁。
⑦轉引自阿里·瓦德漢納:《泛太平洋挑戰(zhàn),APEC及亞太區(qū)域合作的印尼視角》,雅加達,1994年,第175頁。
⑧2015年版《21世紀海上力量合作戰(zhàn)略》,美國同時發(fā)布中文本,美國海軍司令部網(wǎng)站:http://www.navy.mil/local/maritime/CS21R-Mandarin.pdf。
⑨詳細內容可參考美國國防部發(fā)布的“亞太海上安全戰(zhàn)略”報告英文版:http://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/NDAA%20A-P_Maritime_SecuritY_Strategy-08142015-1300-FINALFORMAT.PDF,以及李洪波主編:《2015年世界重要安全文件匯編》,北京:時事出版社,2016年。
Asia-Pacific Maritime Hegemony under the US Global Deployment
Cai Penghong
Abstract: The US National Security Strategy and Maritime Security Strategy focus on the current and future path choices, is a selection process based on strategic implementation and modification, and is also a dynamic state planning. The US Asia-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy is a product resulted under the guidance of the principle and thought of the US National Security Strategy. Since the end of the Cold War, the US once published a series of policy documents and reports concerning the maritime security strategy in the Asia Pacific region; President Obama's administration has updated the US national security strategy and the Asia-Pacific maritime security strategy. Although the strategy documents are issued frequently, the objective is to amend or design on how to maintain the US maritime hegemony on the basis of the latest changes in the international and regional situation.
Keywords: maritime security strategy, global deployment, Asia-Pacific, maritime hegemony
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